Without electrical conductivity additive The specifications of Jet A and Jet A-1 Fuel properties are shown in the table below Property The latter has a higher freezing point (maximum minus 40 degrees C instead of maximum minus 47 degrees C) and is available only in North America. The kerosine-type fuels used in civil aviation nowadays are mainly Jet A-1 and Jet A. These engines needed a fuel with good combustion characteristics and high energy content. Today’s kerosine jet fuels have been developed from the illuminating kerosine used in the early gas turbine engines. Furthermore, the range of molecular mass between hydrocarbons (or different carbon numbers) is defined by the requirements for the product, such as the freezing point or smoke point. Jet fuel is therefore defined as a performance specification rather than a chemical compound. Because the exact composition of jet fuel varies widely based on the petroleum source, it is impossible to define jet fuel as a ratio of specific hydrocarbons. Jet fuel is a mixture of a variety of hydrocarbons. Kerosene-type jet fuel (including Jet A and Jet A-1, JP-5, and JP-8) has a carbon number distribution between about 8 and 16 (carbon atoms per molecule) wide-cut or naphtha-type jet fuel (including Jet B and JP-4), between about 5 and 15. This fuel is lighter than diesel cut and heavier than naphtha and gasoline cut. Aviation fuels in general are fuels suitable for use in aircrafts powered by turbojet, turboprop or piston engines.Jet fuel is a distillate fraction of crude oil having boiling points between 150~ and 250 ☌.
They consist mainly of hydrocarbons (paraffins, cycloparaffins, naphthenes, aromatics and olefins, whereby paraffins and cycloparaffins are the main components. The following aviation fuel types are available: Depending on their specific use they additionally contain additives. Kerosene - Jet A-1 is the most common type in civil aviation, JP-8 is the military equivalent, TS-1 has improved low-temperature properties. Wide-cut fuels: These are a mixture of kerosene and gasoline and can be used in an extended temperature range.It must fulfill viscosity specifications. Low volatility kerosene: Gives good thermal stability and contains only a low amount of highly volatile components like toluene or benzene.High flash point kerosene: Provides more fire security because of a min.Wide-cut fuels must fulfill a density specification, but not all of them must fulfill viscosity specifications. Aviation gasoline: Also known as AVGAS, only for use with piston or Wankel engines.
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